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Japan's recently chosen prime minister, Sanae Takaichi, is ready to face her primary foreign policy examination as she meets ex-President Donald Trump for high-stakes discussions in Tokyo.

The focus of their encounter is likely to focus on trade and security matters, representing a pivotal juncture for Tokyo's ties with its powerful ally.

A Historic Leadership and Global Debut

Takaichi, who just assumed the role of Japan's initial woman leader after securing the leadership of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, had her global debut at the latest ASEAN meeting.

But, her upcoming meeting with Trump is regarded as the real challenge that will establish the direction for future bilateral cooperation.

Handling Domestic and International Pressures

Takaichi confronts a potentially shaky political landscape, having formed a coalition that puts her two seats away of a majority in the powerful lower house of the Diet.

Consequently, her government will rely on opposition MPs to approve legislation, adding a layer of complexity to her governance.

Shared Views and Diverging Interests

She shares the former president's suspicion of Chinese military presence in the Asia-Pacific, yet both countries have experienced challenges from his "US-first" economic approach.

Recently, Trump oversaw a ceasefire agreement between Thai and Cambodian forces during the first leg of his Asia visit.

Military Build-up and Spending Commitments

The leader has stated her commitment to speed up Japan's military expansion, planning to increase defense expenditure to 2% of GDP by the end of March.

This step aligns with a long-held demand from Trump and signifies the largest defense buildup for the nation since the WWII.

Defense Cooperation and Tensions

Japan has also moved to acquire "counterstrike" abilities, including Tomahawk weapons from the United States, and plans to use domestically developed longer-range missiles.

But, the two-way security agreement remains a source of tension, with Trump previously stating that Japan should contribute more for stationing American troops on its soil.

Economic Expectations and Negotiations

Few anticipate major concessions on trade issues this week, particularly after recent duty changes offered some relief to Japan's export sector.

The PM is likely to seek further benefits by committing to greater acquisitions of American products, including pickup trucks, soybeans, and gas.

Personal Chemistry and the Shinzo Abe Connection

The importance the former president places on personal rapport could work in the PM's advantage, given her strong ties with assassinated ex-leader Shinzo Abe, who was one of his favorite international figures.

He was the first foreign leader to visit the then president-elect after his election, and the two developed a strong bond over mutual activities such as the sport.

Upcoming Schedule and International Significance

Trump's trip to the country will start with a audience with the Emperor at the royal residence in the capital.

It will be followed by talks with Takaichi at the state guest house, the same venue where he held talks with the former leader in 2019.

Subsequently, Trump will travel to the Republic of Korea for the Apec meeting, where he is set to engage with China's leader Xi.